Does someone in your home have the sniffles? If so, beware of doorknobs and the TV remote control. A recent study found that cold sufferers often leave their germs on common household surfaces. There, the study showed, viruses can live for two days—or longer.
The two-part study was designed at the University of Virginia. The school has long been recognized for its research into a branch of science called virology. The study attempted to learn more about germs. It also aimed to lay the groundwork for future research into methods for stopping the infectious viruses. To conduct their research, scientists tested various surfaces in the homes of people suffering from colds.
In the first part of the study, scientists gathered 30 adults who displayed early signs of colds. Testing later discovered that 16 of the 30 had been infected with rhinovirus. This virus is responsible for about half of all colds. The 16 people were asked to list 10 places in their homes that they had touched in the previous 18 hours. Scientists then used DNA tests to hunt for rhinovirus in those locations.
Scientists didn’t have to search too carefully to find what they were looking for. Germs were everywhere. All three of the salt and pepper shakers they tested were contaminated with the rhinovirus. So were 8 of 10 bathroom faucets, 3 of 4 dishwasher handles, and 6 of 10 remote controls. In addition, 8 of 14 refrigerator handles, 4 of 7 telephones, 6 of 18 doorknobs, and 3 of 13 light switches tested were also found to be harboring the virus.
"We found that commonly touched areas like refrigerator doors and handles [tested] positive [for cold germs] about 40 percent of the time," said Dr. Birgit Winther. Winther is an ear, nose, and throat specialist. She helped with the research.
For the second part of the study, scientists attempted to determine how long the viruses remained on the household surfaces. To do this, scientists smeared various household surfaces with the people’s germs. They then tested to see whether rhinovirus stuck to their fingers. The 16 adults went about their day as usual. They turned on lights. They answered the telephone. More than half of the people got the virus on their fingertips. This was 48 hours after the surfaces had been contaminated with the germs.
To some experts, these results were not surprising. Last year, during the cold and flu season, Dr. Diane Pappas and Dr. Owen Hendley went germ-hunting. They examined toys in the offices of five pediatricians. Their tests uncovered traces of cold viruses. In fact, 20 percent of the toys they tested harbored germs.
These days-old viruses live on surfaces. They are proven to be transferable. Are they still powerful enough, however, to cause someone to become sick? Dr. Paul Auwaerter is an infectious-diseases specialist at Johns Hopkins University. According to Auwaerter, no proof exists that the traces of older viruses themselves can infect. He recognizes, however, that their presence does suggest that it’s a risk worthy of concern.
Until further research is done, doctors say that people should try to protect themselves from becoming infected. Some experts recommend the use of hand sanitizers or face masks. They point to a University of Michigan study. The study followed 1,000 students for six weeks. The students were divided into three groups. One group wore masks, the second group wore masks and used hand sanitizer, and the third group did neither. The two groups who used masks reported 10 percent to 50 percent fewer signs of colds than the group that took neither preventative measure.
Hand sanitizers and masks appear to help prevent infection. However, doctors remind that frequent hand washing will go a long way toward preventing the spread of germs in the first place.